急求翻译 英语的。不要在线翻译 求各路大神帮帮忙 ，谢谢了
Objective to seedling medicine the identification and incense gaultheria revise quality of providing basis, for its further development and utilization lay the foundation.
Methods the same origin different medicinal part (roots, stems, leaves) and different harvest season sweet crude gaultheria moisture, ash content, extract, naphtha content determination; By gas chromatography.the methyl salicylate volatile on the main components in the content determination.
Results different medicinal part and different harvest season sweet crude gaultheria moisture, ash content, extract, naphtha content, salicylic acid methyl ester content have differences.
Conclusion to the same origin the same harvest season different medicinal part (roots, stems, leaves) moisture leaves the lowest medicinal gaultheria incense; Total ash leaf supreme; Alcohol-soluble cold extract leaf supreme; The highest content of volatile oil leaves; In the XianPin volatile salicylic acid methyl ester content leaf is the highest. The same origin of different harvest season sweet medicinal material moisture content, total gaultheria ash content, alcohol-soluble cold extract summer peak; The highest content of volatile oil in autumn; The XianPin volatile summer peak of salicylic acid methyl ester content.
Satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS)
To enhance the existing GPS and GLONASS navigation performance, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), European and Japanese made three SBAS: WAAS, EGNOS and MSAS systems. Three SBAS systems function much the same, which is characterized by: ① through geostationary satellites (GEO), including release to correct GPS satellite ephemeris error, satellite clock error correction and change the ionosphere information; ② broadcast by GPS and GEO satellites GEO satellites complete data; ③ GEO satellite's navigation payload ranging launch GPS L1 signal. These three systems are under construction in, WAAS and EGNOS will be fully running, MSAS will be fully operational in 2005. They completed, will form a seamless global navigation system, using a GPS navigation equipment, aircraft can fly all over the world.
China's "Compass" navigation system
"Compass" satellite positioning systems is the use of geostationary satellites to provide users with fast positioning, continuous digital message communication and timing services to an all-weather, regional satellite positioning system. System's main functions are: ① positioning. Point where the user quickly identify the location, the user machine to the competent authorities to provide navigation information. ② communication. Users and users, and central control systems can be two-way short digital message communication. ③ timing. Central control system regularly broadcast timing information for time delay correction value users.
"Compass" coverage in latitude 5 degrees to 6 degrees, 70 degrees to 140 degrees east longitude between a heart-shaped area on the big small, the widest in the north latitude of 35 degrees. The positioning accuracy is the level of 100 m (1σ), the differential levels of accuracy after 20 meters; height control accuracy of 10 meters, the system can accommodate the number of users per hour to 540,000 households; positioning response time: 1 class User <5 seconds, 2 class User <2 seconds, 3 class User <1 second; a positioning success rate was 95%. "Compass" navigation system due to the inherent characteristics, there are still shortcomings: the user with active positioning; the number of users is limited; poor real-time location data; viability is not strong, anti-jamming system is poor; orientation dependent digital map.
"Compass" navigation system is developed to establish our own, from manufacturing to the use of satellite launch vehicle to launch satellites into space, is China's aerospace sector single-handedly built. Although the "Compass" is only two satellites, the GPS system can not reach the United States and Russian GLONASS system functions, can not achieve real-time three-dimensional positioning accuracy and coverage are also less than satisfactory, but it is after all our country to develop their own satellite navigation positioning system a try.
Second, China's industrial development strategy for civilian systems
1. Targeting major applications, both military and civilian use, opening up new economic growth point
Navigation satellite system is a cause related to people's livelihood. It is in the military, scientific, economic and daily life, playing an increasingly important role.
Military, modern warfare have left the traditional sense, from the Gulf War, Kosovo War to the Iraq war can be seen, the form of modern warfare, information warfare, high-tech warfare. United States and its allies can quickly with minimum casualties to obtain victory, is to rely on highly sophisticated information technology equipment, weapons freely in the GPS system scheduling. In the Iraq war, British and American armed forces work together interactively, remote unified command directly against the target depth (the start for the capital of Baghdad), capture real-time battlefield information, long-range precision bombing (Baghdad bombing, while people still business as usual activities) so, the strategic, operational and tactical integration. Without the support of the U.S. GPS system is a global geodetic framework to support the Anglo-American coalition forces on the battlefield in Iraq will be like a mess, with difficulty.
Although China has always advocated peace and autonomy, but the vagaries of the world situation, we can not relax national defense, very important aspect is the establishment of an autonomous high-precision satellite navigation and positioning system.
Research on satellite navigation systems also play a huge role. GPS is now widely in monitoring the Earth's center of mass, the Earth's rotation (polar motion, length of day) and time to establish and maintain global geocentric reference frame (such as ITRF), and regional linkages between geodetic system measurements, monitoring global geodynamics and plate movement to establish and maintain national geocentric coordinate frame, the relative crustal movement monitoring to determine the tidal parameters, joint leveling techniques to measure high-precision geoid, the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere inversion and meteorological studies, satellite tracking to detect Earth's gravity field and atmosphere, and the spacecraft or Earth satellite precision orbit determination, navigation and docking, and other scientific purposes.
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英语听力的提高需要长时间的学习和锻炼，在传统的听力教学中一般只能在一周安排的几节课内集中进行，教学时间非常有限，导致学生对听力认识不够深入，对听力方法掌握不够全面，在这么短的时间里学生得到的听力效果也必然有限。
2.1.4 学生接触知识面有限
在传统的学习中，学生接触到的知识只是书本上的，书本的知识更新很慢，学生无法掌握到最新的消息。除了课堂上的知识，学生们很少接触到一些习语idiom，口语colloquialism，谚语proverb，短语phrase，俚语slang等，对于这些方面课堂上没学过，学生往往是“知面不知心”，在与人交流时就会出现不知所云的现象。另外，课堂上学习的英语国家的背景知识也是有限的。
三，网络环境下大学英语听力自主学习的过程和方法
3.1 网络环境下大学英语听说自主学习的基本过程
3.1.1 课内网络自主学习
培养学生自主学习能力的主要模式是课内网络自主学习。基于网络的自主学习具有较大的自主性,所以在学生自主学习能力不够的情况下, 加强对学生网络自主学习的监控和管理, 采取部分自主学习的教学模式, 是非常有效的。根据学生的英语水平和自主学习能力, 可采取以自主学习为主, 教师讲授为辅的教学模式, 使个别化学习、协同学习和课堂教学相结合, 并逐步提高学生自主学习能力, 并逐渐减少教师讲授的比例。在教学中, 依托现代教育技术, 使用多媒体课件授课。学生可以通过纸介教材、磁带光盘、在线资源进行学习, 校园网、网络自主学习教室、多媒体教室、多媒体网络语言实验室和校园电台广播共同构成了学生的英语学习环境。
3.1.2 课外网络自主学习
加强课外自主学习十分必要, 它使英语教学不受时间和地点的限制, 进而实现学生个性化学习和自主式学习。基于网络的课外自主学习为学生提供练习和提高语言运用能力的机会, 在这种教学模式中, 自主学习的作用不可忽视, 并将逐步占据主导地位。
3.1.3激发学生的内在动机
学生的一切学习活动都是由动机引发的。动机是制约学生积极学习的重要心理因素。正确的动机是产生学习动力的源泉。在英语学习活动中, 教师要想方设法激发学生的内在动机, 变要我学.为我要学。大量研究表明, 从长期效应来看, 内在动机比外在动机更具影响力和持久力。自我管理能力包括学习目标的确立、学习方法的选择、学习过程的监控、学习效果的准确评价和学习过程中的情感控制等。教师应根据实际情况, 指导学生在多媒体与网络环境下确立自主学习的目标, 并在实施中对学习过程进行自我监控和自我检测评估。
3.2改变传统的教学方式
随着信息时代的到来, 互联网和多媒体技术为外语教学提供了互动的、立体的、生动的语言教学环境和丰富的学习资源, 为学生创造了有利的语言学习的环境和条件。教师应改变传统的教学方式, 并通过多媒体网络自主学习教室, 指导学生进行一对一的人机对话, 如遇到问题, 学生可以通过BBS上的交流论坛, 与其他人进行实时的交流。教师通过控制台, 可以随时了解每一个学生的学习情况, 帮助他们解决学习中遇到的问题, 组织他们开展课堂讨论。教师还可以指导学生利用搜索引擎或教给他们使用关键词、逻辑词、英文双引号和限制检索条件的特定文件的搜索等方法, 帮助他们寻找网络英语学习资源, 并为他们提供听、说、读、写等各种英语学习的网址。学生可根据自己的英语水平和需要, 自由选择学习材料, 进行自主学习, 从而提高自身的自主学习能力。
不要理楼下的。楼主你的翻译这么多也只有十分。而且翻译这么多也太夸张了，都可以达到收费水平了。而且只是简单的copy n paste 还是容易被查出来的。楼主自己加油翻，实在有难处再拿出来讨论
没视频的大家 都乱打子·
2.1.3 time limited
The improvement of English listening to long hours of study and exercise, in the traditional teaching of listening only commonly arranged in a week in a few classes focus on, the teaching time is limited, causes students listening to know in-depth, hearing a solution is not comprehensive, in such a short time students get listening effect also is necessarily limited.
Contact 2.1.4 students knowledge is limited
In the traditional learning, students access to knowledge just books, book knowledge update is slow, students cannot grasp the latest news. In addition to the knowledge of the class, the students had little contact to some idioms idiom, oral English colloquialism, the proverb proverb, phrases phrase, slang, slang, etc, to these aspects have not learned in class, students often is "know face don't know heart", when communicating with people will appear the phenomenon of the sea. In addition, in the classroom learning English national background knowledge is limited.
Three, under the network environment, college English listening independent learning process and method
3.1 under the network environment, college English listening and the basic process of autonomous learning
Inside class 3.1.1 web-based autonomous learning
The cultivation of students' autonomous learning ability is the main mode of web-based autonomous learning in class. Based on the network of autonomous learning has a greater autonomy, so in students' autonomous learning ability is not enough, to strengthen the students' network of autonomous learning monitoring and management, take part of the autonomous learning mode of teaching, is very effective. According to the students' English level and autonomous learning ability, can take is given priority to with own study, teachers' teaching auxiliary teaching mode, make the individualized learning, cooperative learning and teaching, combining and gradually improve the students' ability to study independently, and gradually reduce teachers teach in proportion. In the teaching, based on modern education technology, use the multimedia courseware for teaching. Students can through the teaching material, the paper tape CD, online resources for learning, campus network, network autonomous learning classroom, multimedia classroom, multimedia network language laboratory and campus radio was composed of students' English learning environment.
Extracurricular 3.1.1&3.1.2 web-based autonomous learning
Strengthen extracurricular autonomous learning is very necessary, it to make English teaching from time and the place limit, and achieve individualized learning and students' autonomous learning. Based on the network extracurricular autonomous learning to provide students with practice and improve the ability of using language opportunity, in the teaching mode, the role of autonomous learning can not be ignored, and will gradually hold dominant position.
3.1.3 pruning stimulate students' intrinsic motivation
All the students learning activities are caused by motivation. Motivation is restricted by the students actively learn important psychological factors. The correct motive is to produce the source of learning. In English learning activities, teachers should try to stimulate the students' motivation, become to I learn. For me to learn. A mass of research indicate that from long-term effects to see, intrinsic motivation than extrinsic motivation is more influential and endurance. Self management ability including learning goals, learning the choice of methods, learning process monitoring, learning effects of accurate evaluation and the process of learning emotional control and so on. Teachers should according to actual condition, and guide students in the multimedia and network environment established autonomous learning goals, and in the implementation of the learning process for self monitoring and self test evaluation.
3.2 change the traditional teaching mode
With the advent of the information age, the Internet and multimedia technology for foreign language teaching provides the interaction, stereo, vivid language teaching environment and rich learning resources for students and created a favorable language learning environment and conditions. Teachers should change the traditional teaching mode, and through the multimedia network autonomous learning classroom, guiding students one-to-one the man-machine dialogue, such as the problem, students can through the BBS exchange BBS, and others for real-time communication. The teacher through the console, can understand each student learning, and help them to solve problems in learning, the organization they carry out class discussions. The teachers can guide the students use search engine or teach them to use keywords, logic word in English, English double quotation marks and limit the specific conditions of the document retrieval search method, to help them find network English learning resources, and to provide them with listening, speaking, reading, writing, etc. Various kinds of English learning on the web. Students can according to their English and need, to free choice of learning materials, independent study, so as to improve their ability of independent learning.
The improvement of English listening to long time of study and training, in the traditional teaching of listening in general can only be arranged in a week in a few classes focus on, the teaching time is limited, leading students to hearing search is not deep enough understanding, master is not comprehensive enough to listening method, get a student in such a short time listening effect also the inevitable co.. Contact 2.1.4 students knowledge is limited in the traditional learning, students access to knowledge just books, book knowledge update is slow, students cannot grasp the latest news. In addition to the knowledge of the class, students rarely come into contact with some idioms spoken English idiom, colloquialism,proverb, phrase, proverbs, slang slang, for these aspects have not learned in class, students often is "to know the surface not to be intimate", when communicating with people will appear the phenomenon doesn't cloud. In addition, the classroom learning English national background knowledge is limited. Three, the process and method under network environmentuniversity English listening autonomous learning under the network environment universityEnglish 3.1 basic processes of learning 3.1.1 class network autonomous learning trainingmode of students' autonomous learning ability is in class learning. Based on the network of autonomous learning has a greater autonomy, so the autonomous learning ability is not enough in the student, monitoring and management to strengthen the students' network of autonomous learning, take part of the autonomous learning mode of teaching, is very effective. According to the students' English level and the ability of autonomous learning, can be taken to autonomous learning, teachers teaching as teaching mode, so that the individual learning, cooperative learning and the combination of classroom teaching, and graduallyimprove their autonomous learning ability, and gradually reduce the proportion of teachersteaching. In teaching, based on modern education technology, the use of multimedia courseware. Students can study by online resources paper textbooks, tapes, discs, campus network, network autonomous learning classrooms, multimedia classrooms, multimedianetwork language lab and campus radio broadcasting constitute the students' Englishlearning environment. Strengthen the extra-curricular learning necessary 3.1.2 extracurricularlearning, it makes the English teaching is not restricted by time and place, and then realize the individualized learning and autonomous learning. The network Extracurricular Autonomous Learning to provide practice and improve the ability of the chance to use the language for the students based on, in the teaching mode, the role of autonomous learningcan not be ignored, and will gradually occupy the leading position. All learning activities of 3.1.3 to stimulate students' intrinsic motivation of the students are from the motives of.Motivation is an important psychological factors restricting students' active learning. Correct motive is to produce the source of learning motivation. In English learning, teachers shouldtry various devices to stimulate students' intrinsic motivation, turn to me. I want to learn. A large number of studies show that, in the long run, intrinsic motivation is more influential and endurance than extrinsic motivation. Self management ability including learning goals,learning methods, learning process monitoring, to study the effect of accurate evaluation and the process of learning emotional control. Teachers should be based on the actual situation,guide the students to set learning goals in the multimedia and network environment, and selfmonitoring and self assessment in the implementation of the learning process. 3.2 change the traditional teaching mode with the advent of the information age, the Internet and multimediatechnology provides interactive, three-dimensional, vivid language teaching environment and rich learning resources for language teaching, create favorable language learningenvironment and conditions for students. Teachers should change the traditional teachingmode, and through multimedia network autonomous learning classroom, guiding students to carry on a dialogue, such as the problem, students can through the BBS exchange forum,and other real time communication. The teacher through the console, can understand each student learning, help them to solve problems in learning, the organization they carry outclassroom discussion. Teachers can also be a specific file to guide the students to use the search engine or teach them to use keywords, logic, English double quotes and limit the search condition in the search method, to help them find online English learning resources,and provide listen, say, read, write and other English Learning Websites for their. Students can according to their English and need, to free choice of learning materials, independent study, so as to improve their ability of independent learning.
