急求关于中小企业融资问题的英文文献
直接下载。
SME financing and the choice of lending technology
H Uchida, GF Udell - Institute of Economy, Trade, and Industry , 2006
http://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/06e025.pdf
Bank Market Power and SME Financing Constraints*
S Carbó-Valverde - Review of , 2009
http://www.ugr.es/~franrod/WPCRU.pdf
Commercial Financing Solutions - Think Outside The Bank
July,2007 by Stephen Bush
Commercial financing borrowers are likely to feel that a traditional bank is their best source for business financing. However, because most traditional banks focus on a small number of established industries, non-traditional (non-bank) and non-local commercial lenders should be considered for most commercial financing situations. Therefore the recommended commercial financing strategy (as discussed in this article) is to Think Outside the Bank”.
There are several commercial financing situations in which commercial borrowers will frequently find that non-traditional commercial lenders are better positioned to provide terms that are more advantageous to the commercial borrower: (1) Business cash advance and credit card factoring programs; (2) commercial mortgage loans; and (3) credit card processing programs. In some cases a traditional bank will offer to provide commercial financing but will attach excessively stringent terms and covenants. In other cases a traditional bank will decline the commercial financing outright, perhaps because they do not even provide business financing to the commercial borrower’s particular industry. In either case, the commercial borrower is likely to benefit by Thinking Outside the Bank”.
As I noted in an earlier commercial financing article, in many non-competitive business financing situations it is not unusual for a local traditional bank to impose harsher commercial financing terms than would typically be seen in a more competitive business financing market. Such traditional banks routinely take advantage of a relative lack of other commercial lenders in their local market. An appropriate response by commercial borrowers is to seek out non-bank commercial financing options. It is neither necessary nor wise for commercial borrowers to depend only upon local traditional banks for commercial financing solutions. For most commercial financing situations, a non-local and non-bank commercial lender is likely to provide improved business financing terms because they are accustomed to competing aggressively with other commercial lenders.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE ONE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Business Cash Advance and Credit Card Receivables Programs
Most businesses that accept credit cards in their business will qualify for a business cash advance with their credit card receivables. Traditional banks will typically be very poor candidates to consider if a business needs assistance with credit card factoring and business cash advances. Because even thriving businesses frequently need more cash than they can borrow from a bank, it can be of critical importance for a business to Think Outside the Bank” and locate non-traditional lenders to assist with this commercial financing need.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE TWO - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Two of the most common commercial financing difficulties experienced by commercial borrowers can be avoided if they Think Outside the Bank”. The first commercial financing situation is the prevailing practice of traditional banks to avoid most special purpose properties (such as funeral homes and churches). The second commercial financing situation is the typical practice of most commercial banks to attach balloon and/or recall provisions to their commercial loans (which means that the bank can require early repayment of the commercial loan under various conditions). Both of these undesirable commercial financing situations can usually and easily be avoided by considering a non-traditional and non-bank lender.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE THREE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Credit Card Processing Programs
The choice of an appropriate credit card processing service can be instrumental in improving the profitability of businesses with a high volume of credit card activity. The analysis of credit card processing providers can be effectively combined with the credit card factoring and credit card receivables process described above. In assessing a business cash advance program, it is frequently possible to simultaneously arrange for a substantial improvement in the merchant’s credit card processing program. Because traditional banks are usually not competitive in providing assistance with credit card factoring, it is equally likely that a non-traditional lender will be the primary source of effective and competitive help with credit card processing.
A closing commercial financing thought: I have written an earlier commercial financing article about commercial lenders to avoid. It should be noted that there are in fact both traditional and non-traditional (non-bank) lenders which should be avoided. So when commercial borrowers Think Outside the Bank”, it is still of critical importance that they are prepared to avoid a wide variety of problematic non-traditional commercial lenders in their search for viable commercial financing, especially when it involves business cash advance (credit card receivables and credit card factoring) programs, credit card processing services and commercial real estate financing.
Essentials of Small Business Loan
From Naurys Marte, for About.com
As a small business owner, your most difficult task is finding the money to operate your business. Taking the necessary steps to prepare for a small business loan can minimize the difficulty. Learn what you need to know to clinch the loan deal.
Banks and other lending institutions cite risk factors as their main reason for turning down small business loan requests from startup businesses. Yet, you can still get a loan for your business by proper preparation.
Avoid the common error of thinking you can start with grants from the government and community agencies. It is even more unlikely than getting the money from your own savings, family, friends, or a bank.
The main requirements of attaining a small business loan are your personal credit history, business plan, experience, education, and feasibility of the business you are starting or expanding.
The most important task to obtain a small business loan is preparing a business plan. The business plan needs to show the lender that providing you with a small business loan is a low-risk proposition. Your business plan must answer the questions a lending institution would ask. These questions usually are:
How much money do you need?
If you are starting a business, this should be included at least in the start-up capital estimate. Accuracy is important, so request enough money to invest wisely.
What are you going to do with the money?
You will have to provide, in detail, the designated use of every dollar requested. A small business loan is often needed for: operations (new employees, marketing, etc.), assets (equipment, real estate, etc.), or to pay off business debts.
When will you repay the small business loan?
Explain in detail how this small business loan will serve as a stepping-stone for your business. You will need to convince the lender (with your financial statements and cash flow projections) that you are able to repay the loan through the expected long-term profitability of your business.
What will you do if you don't get the loan?
Let lenders know that rejection will not discourage you from starting or growing your business. You want to portray a confident and determined personality and you will try lender after lender until you receive the money you need to get your business moving.
As a small business owner, you will need a certain degree of fortitude. Be confident and proud of your venture. Let lenders know you are in control and know what's best for you and your business. Understand that lending institutions need to make loans. But if you don't get one, don't get discouraged. Ask the lender why you didn't get the small business loan. Learn from the answer, move on, and try other lenders.
The Women's Venture Fund is a resource for women in business who need money and training to expand their venture for New York or New Jersey businesses. To learn more about the Women's Venture Fund call 212-563-0499 or visit www.womensventurefund.org.
Small Business Loan Resources
Getting a Small Business LoanSmall Business Banking 101New Rules of Small Business Financing
Small Business Information Resources
Email Guide: Darrell ZahorskyArticles Reprint PermissionSubmit Articles to Small Business
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Commercial
Financing
Solutions
-
Think
Outside
The
Bank
July,2007
by
Stephen
Bush
Commercial
financing
borrowers
are
likely
to
feel
that
a
traditional
bank
is
their
best
source
for
business
financing.
However,
because
most
traditional
banks
focus
on
a
small
number
of
established
industries,
non-traditional
(non-bank)
and
non-local
commercial
lenders
should
be
considered
for
most
commercial
financing
situations.
Therefore
the
recommended
commercial
financing
strategy
(as
discussed
in
this
article)
is
to
Think
Outside
the
Bank”.
There
are
several
commercial
financing
situations
in
which
commercial
borrowers
will
frequently
find
that
non-traditional
commercial
lenders
are
better
positioned
to
provide
terms
that
are
more
advantageous
to
the
commercial
borrower:
(1)
Business
cash
advance
and
credit
card
factoring
programs;
(2)
commercial
mortgage
loans;
and
(3)
credit
card
processing
programs.
In
some
cases
a
traditional
bank
will
offer
to
provide
commercial
financing
but
will
attach
excessively
stringent
terms
and
covenants.
In
other
cases
a
traditional
bank
will
decline
the
commercial
financing
outright,
perhaps
because
they
do
not
even
provide
business
financing
to
the
commercial
borrower’s
particular
industry.
In
either
case,
the
commercial
borrower
is
likely
to
benefit
by
Thinking
Outside
the
Bank”.
As
I
noted
in
an
earlier
commercial
financing
article,
in
many
non-competitive
business
financing
situations
it
is
not
unusual
for
a
local
traditional
bank
to
impose
harsher
commercial
financing
terms
than
would
typically
be
seen
in
a
more
competitive
business
financing
market.
Such
traditional
banks
routinely
take
advantage
of
a
relative
lack
of
other
commercial
lenders
in
their
local
market.
An
appropriate
response
by
commercial
borrowers
is
to
seek
out
non-bank
commercial
financing
options.
It
is
neither
necessary
nor
wise
for
commercial
borrowers
to
depend
only
upon
local
traditional
banks
for
commercial
financing
solutions.
For
most
commercial
financing
situations,
a
non-local
and
non-bank
commercial
lender
is
likely
to
provide
improved
business
financing
terms
because
they
are
accustomed
to
competing
aggressively
with
other
commercial
lenders.
COMMERCIAL
FINANCING
EXAMPLE
ONE
-
THINK
OUTSIDE
THE
BANK
Business
Cash
Advance
and
Credit
Card
Receivables
Programs
Most
businesses
that
accept
credit
cards
in
their
business
will
qualify
for
a
business
cash
advance
with
their
credit
card
receivables.
Traditional
banks
will
typically
be
very
poor
candidates
to
consider
if
a
business
needs
assistance
with
credit
card
factoring
and
business
cash
advances.
Because
even
thriving
businesses
frequently
need
more
cash
than
they
can
borrow
from
a
bank,
it
can
be
of
critical
importance
for
a
business
to
Think
Outside
the
Bank”
and
locate
non-traditional
lenders
to
assist
with
this
commercial
financing
need.
COMMERCIAL
FINANCING
EXAMPLE
TWO
-
THINK
OUTSIDE
THE
BANK
Commercial
Mortgage
Loans
Two
of
the
most
common
commercial
financing
difficulties
experienced
by
commercial
borrowers
can
be
avoided
if
they
Think
Outside
the
Bank”.
The
first
commercial
financing
situation
is
the
prevailing
practice
of
traditional
banks
to
avoid
most
special
purpose
properties
(such
as
funeral
homes
and
churches).
The
second
commercial
financing
situation
is
the
typical
practice
of
most
commercial
banks
to
attach
balloon
and/or
recall
provisions
to
their
commercial
loans
(which
means
that
the
bank
can
require
early
repayment
of
the
commercial
loan
under
various
conditions).
Both
of
these
undesirable
commercial
financing
situations
can
usually
and
easily
be
avoided
by
considering
a
non-traditional
and
non-bank
lender.
COMMERCIAL
FINANCING
EXAMPLE
THREE
-
THINK
OUTSIDE
THE
BANK
Credit
Card
Processing
Programs
The
choice
of
an
appropriate
credit
card
processing
service
can
be
instrumental
in
improving
the
profitability
of
businesses
with
a
high
volume
of
credit
card
activity.
The
analysis
of
credit
card
processing
providers
can
be
effectively
combined
with
the
credit
card
factoring
and
credit
card
receivables
process
described
above.
In
assessing
a
business
cash
advance
program,
it
is
frequently
possible
to
simultaneously
arrange
for
a
substantial
improvement
in
the
merchant’s
credit
card
processing
program.
Because
traditional
banks
are
usually
not
competitive
in
providing
assistance
with
credit
card
factoring,
it
is
equally
likely
that
a
non-traditional
lender
will
be
the
primary
source
of
effective
and
competitive
help
with
credit
card
processing.
A
closing
commercial
financing
thought:
I
have
written
an
earlier
commercial
financing
article
about
commercial
lenders
to
avoid.
It
should
be
noted
that
there
are
in
fact
both
traditional
and
non-traditional
(non-bank)
lenders
which
should
be
avoided.
So
when
commercial
borrowers
Think
Outside
the
Bank”,
it
is
still
of
critical
importance
that
they
are
prepared
to
avoid
a
wide
variety
of
problematic
non-traditional
commercial
lenders
in
their
search
for
viable
commercial
financing,
especially
when
it
involves
business
cash
advance
(credit
card
receivables
and
credit
card
factoring)
programs,
credit
card
processing
services
and
commercial
real
estate
financing.
帮忙用英文翻译浅析中小企业融资难的原因和对策
答：Analysis of the causes of difficulties in financing small and medium-sized and Countermeasures
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急求关于中小企业融资的外文参考文献
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