连续性动词与暂时性动词有什么区别

短暂性动词与连续性动词的区别~

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years.

-That's right.

三、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:

(1)他死了三年了。

误:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years.

正:He died three years ago.

正:It is three years since he died.

正:Three years has passed since he died.

(2)他来这儿五天了。

误:He has come here for five days.

正:He has been here for five days.

正:He came here five days ago.

正:It is five days since he came here.

正:Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:

(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:

He hasn't left here since 1986.

I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.

4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)

6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:

误:How long have you come here?

正:How long have you been here?

正:When did you come here?
希望对你有帮助。

一、英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。
一、持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study,
play,
do,
read,
learn,
drive,
write,
clean,
slean,
sleep,
speak,
talk,
wait,
fly,
stay,
write,
sit,
stand,
lie,
keep等。
二、瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin,
start,
finish,
go,
come,
leave,
find,
get
up,
arrive,
reach,
get
to,
enter,
hear,
stop,
open,
close,
become,
buy,
borrow,
lend,
happen,
join,
lose,
renew,
die,
take
away,
put
up,
set
out,
put
on,
get
on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法:1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:
He
has
studied
English
for
three
years.(他学英语已有3年了。)
He
has
joined
the
Party.(他已入党了。)
Mum
isn’t
at
home.
She
has
gone
to
the
library.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)
2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:
His
parents
talked
with
the
teacher
for
half
an
hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)
My
mother
has
lain
in
bed
for
3
days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)
My
parents
have
lived
in
Shanghai
since
1950.(我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)
3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:
He
has
been
in
the
army/a
soldier
for
htree
years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has
joined
She
has
been
up
for
quite
some
time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has
gotten
up
Has
your
brother
been
away
from
home
for
a
long
time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has
left
初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:1、go——be
away
2、come——be
here
3、come
back——be
back
4、leave——be
away(be
not
here)
5、buy——have
6、borrow——keep
7、die——be
dead
8、begin——be
on
9、finish——be
over
10、open——be
open
11、close——be
closed
12、lose——be
lost
13、get
to
know——know
14、turn
on——be
on
15、get
up——be
up
16、sit
down——sit/be
seated
17、join——be
in(…)或be
a…member18、become——be;还有一种常见的瞬间动词和持续性动词——start
to
do、start
doing的持续性表达是do,而stop
doing的持续性表达是haven't/hasn't
done。
(2)用it
is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)The
film
has
been
on
for
five
minutes.
It’s
five
minutes
since
the
film
began.他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)He
has
been
away
from
Shanghai
for
three
days.
It
has
been
three
days
since
he
left
Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)It’s
two
weeks
since
I
returned
the
book
to
the
library.
他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法)
How
long
is
it
since
he
found
his
sister?
如果since后面接的是持续性动词的一般过去式,则表示从动作结束时算起,如:
How
long
has
it
been
since
he
smoked?
他戒烟已有多长时间了?
There
has
been
a
lot
of
changes
since
I
lived
here.
自从我不住在这儿以来,发生了很大的变化。
It
has
been
three
years
since
my
mother
was
a
teacher.
我母亲不当教师已经三年了。
4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:I
haven’t
seen
you
for
a
long
time.(好久没见到你了。)这句话常常简略说成:Long
time
no
see.
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

一、英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。
一、持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法:1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:
He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。)
He has joined the Party.(他已入党了。)
Mum isn’t at home. She has gone to the library.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)
2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:
His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)
My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)
My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.(我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)
3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:
He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has joined
She has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has gotten up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has left
初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:1、go——be away 2、come——be here 3、come back——be back 4、leave——be away(be not here) 5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep 7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on 9、finish——be over 10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated 17、join——be in(…)或be a…member18、become——be;还有一种常见的瞬间动词和持续性动词——start to do、start doing的持续性表达是do,而stop doing的持续性表达是haven't/hasn't done。
(2)用it is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)The film has been on for five minutes. It’s five minutes since the film began.他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)He has been away from Shanghai for three days. It has been three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法) How long is it since he found his sister?
如果since后面接的是持续性动词的一般过去式,则表示从动作结束时算起,如:
How long has it been since he smoked?
他戒烟已有多长时间了?
There has been a lot of changes since I lived here.
自从我不住在这儿以来,发生了很大的变化。
It has been three years since my mother was a teacher.
我母亲不当教师已经三年了。
4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:I haven’t seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。)这句话常常简略说成:Long time no see.
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

连续性动词 表示动作连续的动词。可与表示一段时间的状语连用,如 for +一段时间;since +过去的时间点; how long 。

暂时性动词也叫短暂性动词,指动作一发生就结束的动词。它不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如 for +一段时间;since +过去的时间点; how long 。如果要与一段时间连用,要改为相应的持续性动词或用句型“It's +一段时间+since +从句” 表达。

如:

  1. I have had the book for two days .  (had 不能用bought )

    我买这本书两天了。

  2. He has been here for two years .  ( been 不能用 come )

    他来这里两年了。

  3. His grandpa has been dead since ten years ago. (dead 不能用died )

    他爷爷死了十年了。

 4. She has kept the book for a month . ( kept 不能用borrowed )

    她借这本书一个月了。


常见的暂时性动词变持续性的动词有:

go / come - be in

buy - have

die - be dead

begin -be on

join - be in / be a member of 

lend / borrow -  keep 

leave - be away (from )

fall asleep - be asleep 

open / close - be open / closed 



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