大家帮我翻译这篇文章好吗，翻译成英语，因为我英语烂，谢谢了
大家帮我翻译一篇文章啊！英语译成汉语！要准确的，一定要快！因为今天七点之前就用了，谢谢了！有奖励。~
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards, people growing demand for electricity, while power supply reliability and quality of a higher power supply requirements. Feeder Automation is the reliability of power supply distribution network systems to improve the most direct and effective means of technology. Countries has increased in recent years on the city network and the transformation of rural power network, power supply bureaus of the major domestic investment in distribution automation is also increasing. Achieved in the distribution network automation process, we found that communication problems is a difficult problem. In this, just from the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation application on little knowledge and experience.
2 Distribution Automation requirements for communication
SCADA system with the same dispatch, distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network, and he has his own characteristics: the number of terminals very much. System has a large distribution network by opening and closing, power distribution transformers, circuit breakers column to monitor these devices requires a number of FTU and TTU, while the FTU with the power distribution equipment installation, wide geographical distribution, communication nodes scattered.
Distribution automation system size, complexity and automation level of the decision of the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) Reliability:
Communications equipment distribution network systems have many exposed outdoors, bad environment, so must be able to withstand heat, cold, sun, rain, snow, hail and lightning and other natural attacks. Meanwhile, try to avoid all kinds of electromagnetic interference, to ensure long-term stable and reliable work, and asked when the line power failure, communication system can still work properly.
(2) economy:
Taking into account the overall economic power distribution system, communication system, investment should not be too large, and strive to make full use of the existing main network communication resources, for the Lord, the overall distribution network planning, avoid duplication of investment.
(3) addressing large:
Communication system not only to consider the present and future data needs, but also consider the upgrade requirements.
(4) two-way communication:
Distribution network automation to achieve the telemetry, remote, remote control, you must request a two-way communication capabilities.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, along with fiber prices down, at present, optical fiber communication systems are widely used in electric power.
3 Optical Fiber Communication
Since the inception of laser and low loss optical fiber, optical fiber communication system with its technical and economic advantages of the rapid rise of unparalleled, and swept the globe. The system is based on optical fiber as the transmission medium to light as the carrier signal to transmit information in communication systems, applications of light wavelength of 1.0 ~ 1.μm Jing, the entire system from the electrical side machine, Optical, cable and repeaters pose. Fiber can be divided into single-mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), long-wavelength low drive bulk fiber (LMF), polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (POF) and so are many; commonly used for single-mode and multi-mode fiber, multimode fiber is more than light transmission mode, and single-mode fiber transmission of a light wave mode only. Single-mode fiber multimode fiber transmission distance than the length, the current general, the optical signal in the multi-mode optical fiber to be available for about 6km, the single-mode fiber transmission within 30km. Therefore, the price of single-mode optical devices than multi-mode optical devices. Practical optical fibers are usually more to strengthen the core, protecting materials, fixed materials combined to form the transmission line cable.
Optical fiber communication with the communication capacity, low attenuation, not afraid of lightning, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, confidentiality, reliability, and easy installation, but the relatively high investment costs, especially for inner city buried cable lines fiber laying, construction costs will be greater.
6 Conclusion
In the actual distribution automation communication system, must build a low cost, high effective two-way communication system, with acceptable reliability and cost of information flows in a very high performance. Also, because of distribution automation system functions to be accomplished by too many complex systems, a single communication system to meet the needs of all of the functions is unrealistic, and it is not economical. Therefore, power distribution automation system, to apply a variety of communication methods, according to a comprehensive economic and technical indicators and selecting the best combination of them. In the power system more commonly used multiple means of communication also point digital microwave radio data transmission, wireless spread spectrum, green cables, posts and telecommunications local network, carrier, spread spectrum carrier such as, for the selection network.
The application of Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation system
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards,Our demand for electricity is also growing day by day .And we have a even higher demand to the reliability of the power supply and the quality of that.Feeder Automation is one of the most direct and effective mean to improve the reliability of power supply distribution network system .The state has increased the transformation on the city network and rural power network in recent years .The investment in distribution automation of many major domestic power supply bureaus is also increasing.During the distribution network automation process, we found that communication is a problem which is difficult to conquer. In the flowing ,i just want to have a discuss on the application of the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation .
2 ,The communication requirements of distribution automation
Just the same with SCADA system ,distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network which has its own characteristics:the number of terminals is that large.The power distribution System has a large number of Open-close substations,power distribution transformers and column circuit breakers and also a great number of FTU and TTU used to monitor these devices.
老哥,我翻了半天,累了改天接着翻啊.顺便你看看东西能用不啊,完了告我一声,好吗 ,细细看,可不是机翻得啊
Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation system on the application of papers
1 preface
Along with the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standard, people on the power of the growing demand for power supply, the reliability and power supply quality put forward higher request. Network feeder automation system is to improve the power supply reliability, the most direct and efficient technology is one of the means. In recent years China has increased in the rural and urban network reform, many big domestic electricity distribution automation to increase investment. In the process of realizing automation distribution network, we found the communication problem is a difficult problem. In this, as in optical fiber communication network automation reuse understanding and experience.
2 in power distribution automation system of communication
With dispatch SCADA system, power distribution automation system also needs an effective communication, while he has its own characteristics: terminals very much. The system has numerous open and close, distribution transformer, the column of the equipment, monitor and TTU many FTU, at the same time, along with the power equipment installation and FTU regional wide distribution, communication node.
Network automation system, the scale and complexity and automation determines the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) reliability:
System of communication equipment, there are many exposed outdoor environments, and therefore must be able to resist high temperature, low temperature, sunlight and rain, snow, hail and natural environment of lightning. At the same time, avoid all sorts of electromagnetic interference, ensure the long-term and stable and reliable work, and in the power circuit requirements, communication system can work normally.
(2) economy:
Considering the overall economic benefit of power system, the communication system of investment, should not be too much to make full use of the existing resources, the main provids communication network, overall planning, to avoid repeated investment.
(3) addressing quantity:
Communication system should not only consider the current and future needs of data transmission, consider system upgrade.
(4) two-way communication:
To realize the automation network remote measure, remote communication, remote control function, must have two-way communication ability.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, accompanied by fiber prices, at present, optical fiber communication are widely used in power system.
3 optical communications
Since the laser and low loss fiber optic fiber communications system since the advent, with its technical and economic incomparable advantage and rising rapidly, and became popular in the world. This system is based on optical fiber transmission medium and light for carrier signal transfer information communication system, the application of wavelengths of light 1.0 ~ 1. 靘 m, the whole system speeds by electric transceiver, optical transceiver, optical and Repeaters. Optical fiber can be divided into (SMF) single-mode optical fiber, multimode fiber (MMF), long wavelengths scattered fiber (low), the partial LMF (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (etc) is various; POF Commonly used for singlemode and multimode fiber, multimode fiber is more light transmission mode, and the single-mode optical fiber transmission of a light only mode. Single-mode optical fiber transmission than the long distance, generally, light signals in multimode fiber can pass on single-mode optical fiber 6km, can pass 30km. Therefore, the single-mode optical equipment price than multimode optical equipment. Practical fiber is usually by optical, strengthen the core, protect material, fixed materials into the transmission cable form.
Optical fiber communication with communication capacity, small, do not be afraid of lightning, attenuation anti-electromagnetism interference, corrosion resistance, good secrecy, high reliability, installation convenience etc, but investment cost is relative taller, especially within the city of directly buried installation of fiber optic cable type, the construction cost will be more big.
6
In the actual network communication system, automated must construct a low cost, high convergence of two-way communication system, with acceptable costs in reliability and information flow to provide extremely high performance. At the same time, because of distribution automation system to complete function too complex, the system USES a single communications system to meet the needs of all functions are unrealistic, is not economical. Therefore, in the distribution automation system, application of communication mode, according to the comprehensive technical and economic indexes and select the most optimal combination. In the power system of a common means of communication and a multi-address digital microwave, radio, digital wireless spread-spectrum, special cable, posts and telecommunications carrier, the carrier, the spread between local networks, network for selecting.
Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation applications on paper
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards, people growing demand for electricity, while power supply reliability and quality of a higher power supply requirements. Feeder Automation is the reliability of power supply distribution network systems to improve the most direct and effective means of technology. Countries has increased in recent years on the city network and the transformation of rural power network, power supply bureaus of the major domestic investment in distribution automation is also increasing. Achieved in the distribution network automation process, we found that communication problems is a difficult problem. In this, just from the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation application on little knowledge and experience.
2 Distribution Automation requirements for communication
SCADA system with the same dispatch, distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network, and he has his own characteristics: the number of terminals very much. System has a large distribution network by opening and closing, power distribution transformers, circuit breakers column to monitor these devices requires a number of FTU and TTU, while the FTU with the power distribution equipment installation, wide geographical distribution, communication nodes scattered.
Distribution automation system size, complexity and automation level of the decision of the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) Reliability:
Communications equipment distribution network systems have many exposed outdoors, bad environment, so must be able to withstand heat, cold, sun, rain, snow, hail and lightning and other natural attacks. Meanwhile, try to avoid all kinds of electromagnetic interference, to ensure long-term stable and reliable work, and asked when the line power failure, communication system can still work properly.
(2) economy:
Taking into account the overall economic power distribution system, communication system, investment should not be too large, and strive to make full use of the existing main network communication resources, for the Lord, the overall distribution network planning, avoid duplication of investment.
(3) addressing large:
Communication system not only to consider the present and future data needs, but also consider the upgrade requirements.
(4) two-way communication:
Distribution network automation to achieve the telemetry, remote, remote control, you must request a two-way communication capabilities.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, along with fiber prices down, at present, optical fiber communication systems are widely used in electric power.
3 Optical Fiber Communication
Since the inception of laser and low loss optical fiber, optical fiber communication system with its technical and economic advantages of the rapid rise of unparalleled, and swept the globe. The system is based on optical fiber as the transmission medium to light as the carrier signal to transmit information in communication systems, applications of light wavelength of 1.0 ~ 1.μm Jing, the entire system from the electrical side machine, Optical, cable and repeaters pose. Fiber can be divided into single-mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), long-wavelength low drive bulk fiber (LMF), polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (POF) and so are many; commonly used for single-mode and multi-mode fiber, multimode fiber is more than light transmission mode, and single-mode fiber transmission of a light wave mode only. Single-mode fiber multimode fiber transmission distance than the length, the current general, the optical signal in the multi-mode optical fiber to be available for about 6km, the single-mode fiber transmission within 30km. Therefore, the price of single-mode optical devices than multi-mode optical devices. Practical optical fibers are usually more to strengthen the core, protecting materials, fixed materials combined to form the transmission line cable.
Optical fiber communication with the communication capacity, low attenuation, not afraid of lightning, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, confidentiality, reliability, and easy installation, but the relatively high investment costs, especially for inner city buried cable lines fiber laying, construction costs will be greater.
6 Conclusion
In the actual distribution automation communication system, must build a low cost, high effective two-way communication system, with acceptable reliability and cost of information flows in a very high performance. Also, because of distribution automation system functions to be accomplished by too many complex systems, a single communication system to meet the needs of all of the functions is unrealistic, and it is not economical. Therefore, power distribution automation system, to apply a variety of communication methods, according to a comprehensive economic and technical indicators and selecting the best combination of them. In the power system more commonly used multiple means of communication also point digital microwave radio data transmission, wireless spread spectrum, green cables, posts and telecommunications local network, carrier, spread spectrum carrier such as, for the selection network.
吃过午饭你是否常觉得困困的？其实这很正常，吃饭后你的身体代谢会减缓。那怎么办呢？不要灌咖啡，睡个午觉就好！每天打个午觉对身体很好。首先午睡后你的工作效率会提高，记忆更敏锐，错误犯得也少。同时午睡后，学习也更加容易了。午睡能够刺激你的自信，使你变得积极起来，使你兴奋。
但是，要想打个好午觉还是有些条条框框要遵从。如果你睡得太久，可能就会进入深睡眠，醒来后可能会觉得状况更糟。你应该设个闹钟，这样子午睡时候才能彻底没有包袱放松去睡。你不必应为害怕睡过头，时不时去看钟。
以后午饭后感到困顿，再也不用感到紧张。把头枕好，闭上眼睛，打个盹吧。
纯手打，高水平，希望楼主喜欢：）
With the global figure of the rapid development of electronic technology, the continuous improvement of people's living standards. Everyone in the production life of the temperature of the growing demand for high-informed. The resulting temperature measurement, real-time display and control equipment has become increasingly we need the electronic device. The system design and the collection of temperature changes in temperature curve on the LCD display.
First, because single-bus digital temperature sensor with miniaturization, low-power, high performance, anti-disturbance capacity, and other advantages, this paper, the international community more advanced digital temperature sensor DS18B20 the features and temperature monitoring and control system design. Second, the system uses LCD12864E LCD module as a display system, through the LCD module on the wave of change that is more intuitive to temperature changes. Paper also introduced LCD12864E part of the internal structure, working principle and the micro-controller interface. Again, in order to make better use of microcontrollers, in the choice of microcontrollers, the circuit design are added. On the software side, papers in the digital temperature sensor and LCD module DS18B20 the work of timing and control orders are made of and description.
The article on the digital temperature sensor DS18B20 the way to serial communication link with the SCM, and in order to insurance purposes, by the way the storage supply. LCD modules based on the different functions of pins connected with the MCU. SCM from the temperature sensors read data into the LCD module.
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards, people growing demand for electricity, while power supply reliability and quality of a higher power supply requirements. Feeder Automation is the reliability of power supply distribution network systems to improve the most direct and effective means of technology. Countries has increased in recent years on the city network and the transformation of rural power network, power supply bureaus of the major domestic investment in distribution automation is also increasing. Achieved in the distribution network automation process, we found that communication problems is a difficult problem. In this, just from the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation application on little knowledge and experience.
2 Distribution Automation requirements for communication
SCADA system with the same dispatch, distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network, and he has his own characteristics: the number of terminals very much. System has a large distribution network by opening and closing, power distribution transformers, circuit breakers column to monitor these devices requires a number of FTU and TTU, while the FTU with the power distribution equipment installation, wide geographical distribution, communication nodes scattered.
Distribution automation system size, complexity and automation level of the decision of the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) Reliability:
Communications equipment distribution network systems have many exposed outdoors, bad environment, so must be able to withstand heat, cold, sun, rain, snow, hail and lightning and other natural attacks. Meanwhile, try to avoid all kinds of electromagnetic interference, to ensure long-term stable and reliable work, and asked when the line power failure, communication system can still work properly.
(2) economy:
Taking into account the overall economic power distribution system, communication system, investment should not be too large, and strive to make full use of the existing main network communication resources, for the Lord, the overall distribution network planning, avoid duplication of investment.
(3) addressing large:
Communication system not only to consider the present and future data needs, but also consider the upgrade requirements.
(4) two-way communication:
Distribution network automation to achieve the telemetry, remote, remote control, you must request a two-way communication capabilities.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, along with fiber prices down, at present, optical fiber communication systems are widely used in electric power.
3 Optical Fiber Communication
Since the inception of laser and low loss optical fiber, optical fiber communication system with its technical and economic advantages of the rapid rise of unparalleled, and swept the globe. The system is based on optical fiber as the transmission medium to light as the carrier signal to transmit information in communication systems, applications of light wavelength of 1.0 ~ 1.μm Jing, the entire system from the electrical side machine, Optical, cable and repeaters pose. Fiber can be divided into single-mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), long-wavelength low drive bulk fiber (LMF), polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (POF) and so are many; commonly used for single-mode and multi-mode fiber, multimode fiber is more than light transmission mode, and single-mode fiber transmission of a light wave mode only. Single-mode fiber multimode fiber transmission distance than the length, the current general, the optical signal in the multi-mode optical fiber to be available for about 6km, the single-mode fiber transmission within 30km. Therefore, the price of single-mode optical devices than multi-mode optical devices. Practical optical fibers are usually more to strengthen the core, protecting materials, fixed materials combined to form the transmission line cable.
Optical fiber communication with the communication capacity, low attenuation, not afraid of lightning, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, confidentiality, reliability, and easy installation, but the relatively high investment costs, especially for inner city buried cable lines fiber laying, construction costs will be greater.
6 Conclusion
In the actual distribution automation communication system, must build a low cost, high effective two-way communication system, with acceptable reliability and cost of information flows in a very high performance. Also, because of distribution automation system functions to be accomplished by too many complex systems, a single communication system to meet the needs of all of the functions is unrealistic, and it is not economical. Therefore, power distribution automation system, to apply a variety of communication methods, according to a comprehensive economic and technical indicators and selecting the best combination of them. In the power system more commonly used multiple means of communication also point digital microwave radio data transmission, wireless spread spectrum, green cables, posts and telecommunications local network, carrier, spread spectrum carrier such as, for the selection network.
The application of Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation system
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards,Our demand for electricity is also growing day by day .And we have a even higher demand to the reliability of the power supply and the quality of that.Feeder Automation is one of the most direct and effective mean to improve the reliability of power supply distribution network system .The state has increased the transformation on the city network and rural power network in recent years .The investment in distribution automation of many major domestic power supply bureaus is also increasing.During the distribution network automation process, we found that communication is a problem which is difficult to conquer. In the flowing ,i just want to have a discuss on the application of the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation .
2 ,The communication requirements of distribution automation
Just the same with SCADA system ,distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network which has its own characteristics:the number of terminals is that large.The power distribution System has a large number of Open-close substations,power distribution transformers and column circuit breakers and also a great number of FTU and TTU used to monitor these devices.
老哥,我翻了半天,累了改天接着翻啊.顺便你看看东西能用不啊,完了告我一声,好吗 ,细细看,可不是机翻得啊
Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation system on the application of papers
1 preface
Along with the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standard, people on the power of the growing demand for power supply, the reliability and power supply quality put forward higher request. Network feeder automation system is to improve the power supply reliability, the most direct and efficient technology is one of the means. In recent years China has increased in the rural and urban network reform, many big domestic electricity distribution automation to increase investment. In the process of realizing automation distribution network, we found the communication problem is a difficult problem. In this, as in optical fiber communication network automation reuse understanding and experience.
2 in power distribution automation system of communication
With dispatch SCADA system, power distribution automation system also needs an effective communication, while he has its own characteristics: terminals very much. The system has numerous open and close, distribution transformer, the column of the equipment, monitor and TTU many FTU, at the same time, along with the power equipment installation and FTU regional wide distribution, communication node.
Network automation system, the scale and complexity and automation determines the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) reliability:
System of communication equipment, there are many exposed outdoor environments, and therefore must be able to resist high temperature, low temperature, sunlight and rain, snow, hail and natural environment of lightning. At the same time, avoid all sorts of electromagnetic interference, ensure the long-term and stable and reliable work, and in the power circuit requirements, communication system can work normally.
(2) economy:
Considering the overall economic benefit of power system, the communication system of investment, should not be too much to make full use of the existing resources, the main provids communication network, overall planning, to avoid repeated investment.
(3) addressing quantity:
Communication system should not only consider the current and future needs of data transmission, consider system upgrade.
(4) two-way communication:
To realize the automation network remote measure, remote communication, remote control function, must have two-way communication ability.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, accompanied by fiber prices, at present, optical fiber communication are widely used in power system.
3 optical communications
Since the laser and low loss fiber optic fiber communications system since the advent, with its technical and economic incomparable advantage and rising rapidly, and became popular in the world. This system is based on optical fiber transmission medium and light for carrier signal transfer information communication system, the application of wavelengths of light 1.0 ~ 1. 靘 m, the whole system speeds by electric transceiver, optical transceiver, optical and Repeaters. Optical fiber can be divided into (SMF) single-mode optical fiber, multimode fiber (MMF), long wavelengths scattered fiber (low), the partial LMF (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (etc) is various; POF Commonly used for singlemode and multimode fiber, multimode fiber is more light transmission mode, and the single-mode optical fiber transmission of a light only mode. Single-mode optical fiber transmission than the long distance, generally, light signals in multimode fiber can pass on single-mode optical fiber 6km, can pass 30km. Therefore, the single-mode optical equipment price than multimode optical equipment. Practical fiber is usually by optical, strengthen the core, protect material, fixed materials into the transmission cable form.
Optical fiber communication with communication capacity, small, do not be afraid of lightning, attenuation anti-electromagnetism interference, corrosion resistance, good secrecy, high reliability, installation convenience etc, but investment cost is relative taller, especially within the city of directly buried installation of fiber optic cable type, the construction cost will be more big.
6
In the actual network communication system, automated must construct a low cost, high convergence of two-way communication system, with acceptable costs in reliability and information flow to provide extremely high performance. At the same time, because of distribution automation system to complete function too complex, the system USES a single communications system to meet the needs of all functions are unrealistic, is not economical. Therefore, in the distribution automation system, application of communication mode, according to the comprehensive technical and economic indexes and select the most optimal combination. In the power system of a common means of communication and a multi-address digital microwave, radio, digital wireless spread-spectrum, special cable, posts and telecommunications carrier, the carrier, the spread between local networks, network for selecting.
Optical fiber communication in power distribution automation applications on paper
1 Introduction
With the national economic development and improvement of living standards, people growing demand for electricity, while power supply reliability and quality of a higher power supply requirements. Feeder Automation is the reliability of power supply distribution network systems to improve the most direct and effective means of technology. Countries has increased in recent years on the city network and the transformation of rural power network, power supply bureaus of the major domestic investment in distribution automation is also increasing. Achieved in the distribution network automation process, we found that communication problems is a difficult problem. In this, just from the optical fiber communication in the distribution network automation application on little knowledge and experience.
2 Distribution Automation requirements for communication
SCADA system with the same dispatch, distribution automation system also needs an effective communication network, and he has his own characteristics: the number of terminals very much. System has a large distribution network by opening and closing, power distribution transformers, circuit breakers column to monitor these devices requires a number of FTU and TTU, while the FTU with the power distribution equipment installation, wide geographical distribution, communication nodes scattered.
Distribution automation system size, complexity and automation level of the decision of the communication system should meet the following requirements:
(1) Reliability:
Communications equipment distribution network systems have many exposed outdoors, bad environment, so must be able to withstand heat, cold, sun, rain, snow, hail and lightning and other natural attacks. Meanwhile, try to avoid all kinds of electromagnetic interference, to ensure long-term stable and reliable work, and asked when the line power failure, communication system can still work properly.
(2) economy:
Taking into account the overall economic power distribution system, communication system, investment should not be too large, and strive to make full use of the existing main network communication resources, for the Lord, the overall distribution network planning, avoid duplication of investment.
(3) addressing large:
Communication system not only to consider the present and future data needs, but also consider the upgrade requirements.
(4) two-way communication:
Distribution network automation to achieve the telemetry, remote, remote control, you must request a two-way communication capabilities.
(5) easy operation and maintenance.
According to the above requirements, along with fiber prices down, at present, optical fiber communication systems are widely used in electric power.
3 Optical Fiber Communication
Since the inception of laser and low loss optical fiber, optical fiber communication system with its technical and economic advantages of the rapid rise of unparalleled, and swept the globe. The system is based on optical fiber as the transmission medium to light as the carrier signal to transmit information in communication systems, applications of light wavelength of 1.0 ~ 1.μm Jing, the entire system from the electrical side machine, Optical, cable and repeaters pose. Fiber can be divided into single-mode fiber (SMF), multimode fiber (MMF), long-wavelength low drive bulk fiber (LMF), polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) and plastic optical fiber (POF) and so are many; commonly used for single-mode and multi-mode fiber, multimode fiber is more than light transmission mode, and single-mode fiber transmission of a light wave mode only. Single-mode fiber multimode fiber transmission distance than the length, the current general, the optical signal in the multi-mode optical fiber to be available for about 6km, the single-mode fiber transmission within 30km. Therefore, the price of single-mode optical devices than multi-mode optical devices. Practical optical fibers are usually more to strengthen the core, protecting materials, fixed materials combined to form the transmission line cable.
Optical fiber communication with the communication capacity, low attenuation, not afraid of lightning, anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, confidentiality, reliability, and easy installation, but the relatively high investment costs, especially for inner city buried cable lines fiber laying, construction costs will be greater.
6 Conclusion
In the actual distribution automation communication system, must build a low cost, high effective two-way communication system, with acceptable reliability and cost of information flows in a very high performance. Also, because of distribution automation system functions to be accomplished by too many complex systems, a single communication system to meet the needs of all of the functions is unrealistic, and it is not economical. Therefore, power distribution automation system, to apply a variety of communication methods, according to a comprehensive economic and technical indicators and selecting the best combination of them. In the power system more commonly used multiple means of communication also point digital microwave radio data transmission, wireless spread spectrum, green cables, posts and telecommunications local network, carrier, spread spectrum carrier such as, for the selection network.
大家帮我翻译这篇文章好吗,翻译成英语,因为我英语烂,谢谢了
答：1 Introduction With the national economic development and improvement of living standards, people growing demand for electricity, while power supply reliability and quality of a higher power supply requirements. Feeder Automation is the reliability of power supply distribution network systems to...
大家帮我用英语翻译这篇文章好吗
答：Oh, I think I will be unbelievably strong. A child will grow up and I will not weep but learn to protect myself and be strong. The journey must be finished by myself even by crawling. Never complain but endure.Don't cry. We'll grow up. There will be a new beginning ...
帮我翻译一下<用力多者收功远>这篇文言文好吗?
答：【译文】司马光幼年时，担心自己记诵诗书以备应答的能力不如别人。大家在一起学习讨论，别的兄弟已经会背诵了，去玩耍休息了；（司马光却）独自苦读，像董仲舒和孔子读书时那样专心和刻苦，一直到能够熟练地背诵为止，（由于）读书时下的力气多，收获就长远，他所精读和背诵过的书，就能终身不忘。司马...
请帮我翻译一下这篇文章!!
答：译文：牛缺是上地的一位大儒，往南到邯郸去，在耦沙遇到了强盗，把他的衣物车马全部抢走了。牛缺步行而去，看上去还是高高兴兴的样子，没有一点忧愁吝惜的面容。强盗追上去问他是什么缘故，他说：“君子不因为养身的财物而损害了身体。”强盗说：“唉！真是贤明啊！”过了一会儿强盗们又互相议论说：...
谁能帮我翻译下这篇文章?谢谢
答：总期待着更高更好的位置 So distracted with our jealousy 嫉妒总在前头指使 Forget it’s in our hands to stop the agony 却忘记了我们自己就可以使这一切停止 Will you ever be content on your side of the fence?你难道就不能真正满足于上帝给我们的恩赐?Maybe you’re the guy who needs ...
有没有人~~帮我把这篇文章翻译成英文~!
答：我校举行了80年校庆，今天就是它的第80个生日，是值得庆贺的日子。场面非常宏大，热闹。有许多的老校友来到了这里，整个大操场人山人海。校庆开始了，开头有许多的表演：唱歌，舞蹈，武术...表演都非常精彩。后来，校领导上台演讲，整个校庆进入白热化。11：00，校歌响起，随着大家嘹亮的歌声，校庆落幕。
谁能帮我翻译一下这篇文章,要自己翻,不要百度的,要好一点
答：1、绿色思想。在你日常生活里，督促自己去时刻环保。如果你离开了房间，就把灯给关了，电视不看了，就关上，这样会节约能源。如果你缩短淋浴的时间，那就会节约水源。2、绿色购物。购物是件有趣的事，但是你要是买了你不需要的东西，那不仅浪费，而且对地球有所伤害。在买东西前，问一下自己，你...
麻烦大家帮我翻译一下这篇文言文!十分感谢!
答：跳墙进来，贾充家中没有知道的。只有贾充发觉自己的女儿看上去非常高兴、畅快，和平常日不一样。当时有从西域进贡的奇香，一薰着人就整月不散，皇帝很珍爱这种香，仅仅赐给了贾充及大司马陈骞。贾充的女儿暗地偷来赠给韩寿，贾充的下属与韩寿宴请、相处，闻到韩寿身上的香气，在贾充面前称赞韩寿。
能帮我翻译一下这篇文章么?要人工翻的,谢谢了!
答：冷翻了，而黎明前的屋顶没有把他back-no绳，绳，带，没什么。卢瑟在他身后，但是，幸运的是，卢瑟设法使自己的一切。滑动头朝下陡峭的屋顶，并大声叫喊足以沃尔特和贝弗听室内加速，卢瑟像雪崩一样对某些死亡。后来，他回忆说，自己的课程，他清楚地记得秋天。显然，有更多的冰上的屋顶上比后，有一次...
各位亲人,帮帮我翻译这篇文章,好吗?(不要机器翻译)
答：他们都是中国人，我本来在家感觉还好。然而，我闹出了笑话，对我的（祖传）语言来说丢脸了。有时候，我嘲笑自己的买鱼事件，但是，最终，对我来说只是一个笑话。每一次笑话都是一种文化丢失；每一次笑话都是我（文化）传统的退化。（文章中有部分翻译作了修饰）参考资料：英语牛人团 ...
